How to Specify a Custom Toroidal Transformer

A clear specification gets you an accurate quote, a transformer that fits first time, and no surprises on the bench.

Off-the-shelf toroids cover the common voltages, but many projects need something specific. Examples are an unusual secondary, several windings, a size limit, or special leads. Toroids are easy to customise because the core and each winding can be sized independently. Here is what to decide before you ask for a quote.

The specification checklist

ParameterExampleWhy it matters
Primary voltage and frequency230 V, 50 Hz (or 2 × 115 V for export)Sets the primary turns. A 60 Hz design run on 50 Hz runs at higher flux and may saturate.
Secondary voltage(s)30-0-30 V, plus 15 VState whether it is at full load (usual) or no load.
Secondary current(s)5 A, 0.5 ASets the wire gauge. Say if the load is a rectifier and capacitor, since that raises RMS current.
VA rating320 VASets the core size. It is the sum of all secondary V × A.
Maximum dimensions≤ 110 mm Ø × 50 mm highVery important in 1U/2U cases.
MountingCentre bolt kit / potted centre / PCBAffects the finished shape and hole size.
Leads200 mm, sleeved, specific coloursSaves rework in production.
Electrostatic shieldCopper foil between primary and secondaryReduces mains noise coupling, useful for audio and medical equipment.
Thermal protectionThermal fuse or cut-outRequired by some product standards.
Insulation classClass B (130 °C) or F (155 °C)Sets the allowed temperature rise.
Regulation / inrush targets≤ 8% regulation, low-inrush designA special request can trade size for performance.
Hi-pot (insulation) testPrimary–secondary test voltage you needShould match the safety standard your product must meet.
Quantity2 prototypes, then 200/yearAffects price and lead time.

Tips that avoid a second prototype

  • Specify voltage at full load. If you need a particular DC rail, state the rail and the load current and let the manufacturer work backwards. Rectified rails are about 1.414 × the AC voltage. See the amplifier guide.
  • State the real load type. A capacitor-input rectifier draws peaky current, so the transformer needs a larger RMS rating than the DC current suggests.
  • Give the mechanical limits first. If the diameter or height is fixed, say so up front. It is the one thing that cannot be changed later.
  • Mention the environment. High ambient temperature, vibration or an enclosed case all influence the design.
  • Ask for a sample first. Test it in your actual equipment, on your actual mains, before ordering in volume.

An example specification

Primary: 230 V AC, 50 Hz Secondary 1: 30-0-30 V AC at 5 A (full load), feeding bridge + 20,000 µF Secondary 2: 15 V AC at 0.5 A Rating: ~310 VA Size: max 115 mm dia × 55 mm high Mounting: centre bolt, rubber pads, steel washer Leads: 250 mm, colour-coded, labelled Extras: electrostatic shield (earth lead), Class B insulation Quantity: 2 samples, then approx. 100 pcs
Ready to request a quote?

Send your specification through the Vaani custom transformer request form. Vaani designs and winds toroidal transformers in India.

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